Learn about the Red Hat Linux
First, the installation partition scheme:
(1) swap partition, twice the memory
(2) / boot partition
(3) / all of the remaining space
Language Selection English (English)
Second, configure IP
IP address, subnet mask:
Edit / etc / sysconfig / network-script / ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE = eth0
BOOTPROTO = static – static or dynamic
BROADCAST = 192.168.1.255
IPADDR = 192.168.1.35 -IP address
NETMASK = 255.255.255.0 – Subnet Mask
NETWORK = 192.168.1.0 – Network ID
ONBOOT = yes
Gateway:
Edit / etc / sysconfig / network
NETWORKING = yes
HOSTNAME = vmlinux — hostname
GATEWAY = 192.168.1.2 — Gateway
DNS:
Edit /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 61.147.37.1
nameserver 61.177.7.1
Note: The above IP address must be changed with your network configuration corresponding IP address. “” In front of attention to the case.
MAC address changes under RedHat Linux
1. You must first turn off the network card device, otherwise it will report the system is busy, can not be changed.
/ Sbin / ifconfig eth0 down
2. Modify the MAC address.
/ Sbin / ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00¦ŸAA¦ŸBB¦ŸCC¦ŸDD¦ŸEE
3. Re-enable the network card
/ Sbin / ifconfig eth0 up
NIC’s MAC address change is complete.
Another approach is to modify the network card configuration file ifcfg-ethx, add the MAC address format similar to: HWADDR = 00: AA: BB: CC: DD: EE.
Third, configure the server to configure vsftpd
Installation and Startup
1. using the following command to check whether you have installed:
#rpm -qa | grep vsftpd
vsftpd-2.0.5-10.e15
If the above result appears indicating that installation. If not, the installation package can be found in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux5 installation CD-ROM, use the command:
vsftp-2.0.5-10.e15.i386.rpm located in the second file iso
#mount / dev / cdrom / mnt / cdrom
#rpm -ivh vsftp-2.0.5-10.e15.i386.rpm
2. Startup and Shutdown
Start command: #service vsftpd start
Stop command: #service vsftpd stop
Reboot command: #service vsftpd restart
Running status: #service vsftpd status
vsftpd (pid 3571) in progress ……
3, Vsftpd server configuration
Vsftpd there are three main configuration file:
/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
/etc/vsftpd.ftpusers
/etc/vsftpd.user_list
Before the proposed changes cp command to back up three files, modify the need to restart the vsftpd service after the completion of the settings to take effect.
(A) anonymous user access configuration
1. Start FTP server can be landed
Anonymous user in text mode, use the user name ftp, password is ftp, to log in; if it is a tool to anonymous FTP login, the user name and password are: anonymous. By default, anonymous users can access and download, but can not upload, delete, create directory, execute files and other operations
Local users can log in and leave the home directory to another directory have access to, and upload and download in the case of rights allowed to write local user file /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers the prohibition login.
2. To allow anonymous users to upload files
/Etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf need to modify the file, the following two before the # removed.
anon_upload_enable = YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable = YES
Restart vsftpd service.
3. Only allow anonymous users to access
Refers to a local account access, modify the /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf file, remove the following two #. Local_enable = YES
Write_enable = YES
Restart the VSFTPD service.
4. Set the welcome information
Modify /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf file
FTPD_BANNER = *****
***** is the welcome information for settings.
Restart the VSFTPD service.
5. Set the maximum transmission rate
Modify /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf file
Setting the maximum transfer rate of anonymous users is 20kbps, and should add the following statement:
Anon_max_rate = 20000
Setting the maximum transfer rate of the local account to 1Mbps, add the following statement:
LOCAL_MAX_RATE = 1000000
6. Set the maximum number of servers and maximum number of users
Modify /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf file
Setting up the server to 99, you should add the following statement:
MAX_CLIENTS = 99
Set the maximum number of connections in the same period of the user, you should add the following statement:
MAX_PER_IP = 5
7. Host anonymous access servers for some IP segments
Modify the vsftpd.conf file, confirm that there is a statement:
TCP_WrapPERS = YES
Modify the /etc/hosts.allow file, add 1 line command:
vsftpd: 192.168.1.1: deny
Indicates that the host access to the IP is 192.168.1.1 to access the FTP server.
Restart the VSFTPD service.
8. Transfer data with ASCII method
Modify the /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf file,
ASCII_UPLOAD_ENABLE = YES
ASCII_DOWNLOAD_ENABLE = YES
Restart the VSFTPD service.
9. Set the data transfer interrupt interval
Modify the /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf file,
IDLE_SESSION_TIMEOUT = 600
Indicates that the idle session time is 600 seconds.
Data_connection_timeout = 120
Indicates that the data connection timeout is 120 seconds.
Restart the VSFTPD service.
(2) Local users access configuration
1. Use the user list to access control
Modify the /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf file, set the following statement:
UserList_enable = NO
The user in the vsftpd.ftpuser file will be disabled from accessing the FTP server.
UserList_enable = YES
UserList_Deny = NO
Indicates that only users in the vsftpd.user_list file are allowed to access the FTP server.
UserList_enable = YES
UserList_deny = YES
It indicates that users in vsftpd.ftpuser and vsftpd.user_list files cannot access the FTP server.
2. Restrict access to user directory
Modify /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf file
chroot_local_user = yes
Indicates that other directories or files other than your own directory cannot be accessed after logging in.
3. Modify the default port
The default port of the FTP server is 21, if you need to modify the port, modify the /etc/vsftpdpd/vsftpd.conf file, the following statement:
Listen_Port = 4444
Indicates that the port number of the FTP server is 4444 and should be as larger than 4000.
VSFTPD Log in to 530 login incorrect error with root users
There is a directory in the etc / pam.d / vsftpd pointing to ETC / VSFTPD / FPTUSERS
You can delete root inside.
The ROOT user has upload the authority, but also off the system’s firewall, but the FTP connection still appears “500 OOPS: Cannot Change Directory: / root” error, how to solve it?
solve:
1. View SELinux status:
Sestatus -b | grep ftp exactly, just viewed the status of FTP.
2, can be seen in the results of the appearance
FTP_HOME_DIR OFF
TFTPD_DISABLE_TRANS OFF
such as. We can now set it to ON now.
3, setsebool -p ftpd_disable_trans on or setsebool -p ftp_home_dir on4, restart vsftpd: service vsftpd restart
5, slowly enjoy the fun of FTP.
VSFTPD login error problem: 500 OOps: Cannot Change Directory: / root
You can use a FTP client to try to log in on Windows. This time I usually report a mistake.
Invalid user rights error
Delete root and user_list in FTPUSER
It is best to turn off Linux’s firewall: ChkConfig iptables OFF
Then log in again
500 OOOPS: Cannot Change Directory: / root
Solution:
1. View SELinux status:
Sestatus -b | GREP FTP
2, can be seen in the results of the appearance
FTP_HOME_DIR OFF
TFTPD_DISABLE_TRANS OFF
such as. We can now set it to ON now.
3, setsebool -p ftpd_disable_trans on or setsebool -p ftp_home_dir on
4, restart vsftpd: service vsftpd restart
Boot default VSFTP service starts automatically:
Turn off the firewall permanently or turn off
ChkConfig iptables on
ChkConfig iptables OFF
Method 1: (Common, convenient)
[root @ localhost etc] # chkconfig –list | grep vsftpd (view situation)
VSFTPD 0: OFF 1: Off 2: Off 3: Off 4: Off 5: Off 6: OFF
[root @ localhost etc] # chkconfig vsftpd on (execution ON setting)
Or: Method 2:
Modify file /etc/rc.local, put row / usr / local / sbin / vsftpd & insert files to implement boot automatically.
530 permission denied.
Today, Linux is also installed under the virtual machine. Now I want to launch the FTP server that comes with Linux: #service vsftpd start. If you want Linux boot is automatically started with FTP Server: #CHKCONFIG VSFTPD ON
Running PUTTY, entering the root, an error 530 permission Denied, feeling strange, because the ordinary user can enter.
The reason is that we /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers and /etc/vsftpd.user_list banned the root user. At this time we need to modify these two files.
(1) /etc/vsftpd.user_list’s default file (that is, means specific users)
# vsftpd UserList
# Ixlylist_deny = no, only allow users in this file
# IF UserList_Deny = YES (Default), Never Allow Users in this file, and
# Do Not Even Prompt for a password.
# Note That the default vsftpd pam config also checks /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers
# for users what are dend.
root
bin
Daemon
ADM
LP
Sync
Shutdown
Halt
news
UUCP
Operator
Games
NoBody
At this time we have to add a #.
(2) /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers default file (all user properties that can log in to this FTP)
# UERS THAT ARE NOT ALLOWED To Login Via FTP
root
bin
Daemon
ADM
LP
Sync
Shutdown
Halt
news
UUCP
Operator
Games
NoBody
At this time we have to add a #.
The following error occurred:
200 Port Command Successful. Consider Using PASV.
425 Failed to Establish Connection.
The error caused the error due to the reason for the Window’s firewall, and the firewall can be turned off.
Fourth, linux disresses and installs Mysql
1. Find no mysql before
Command: rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
You can see two packs of mysql:
Mysql-4.1.12-3.rhel4.1
Mysqlclient10-3.23.58-4.rhel4.1
2. Delete mysql
Delete command: rpm -e –NodePs package name
(rpm-Ev mysql-4.1.12-3.rhel4.1)
3, delete the old version mysql development header file and library
Command: RM-FR / USR / LIB / MySQL
RM-FR / USR / include / mysql
Note: The data and /etc/my.cnf in / var / lib / mysql are uninstalled, and if it is determined, it is hand-deleted.
Rm -f /etc/my.cnf
RM-FR / VAR / LIB / MYSQL
Install mysql
Prepare before installation: two rpm packages
Mysql-client-5.1.20-0.glibc23.i386.rpm
MySQL-Server-5.1.20-0.glibc23.i386.rpm
1. Install the server:
Command: rpm -ivh mysql-server-5.1.20-0.glibc23.i386.rpm
2, install the client
Command: rpm -ivh mysql-client-5.1.20-0.glibc23.i386.rpm
3, login mysql
The command to log in to mySQL is mysql, MySQL’s use syntax is as follows:
MySQL [-U Username] [-H host] [-p [password]] [dbname]
UserName and Password are mysql username and password, MySQL’s initial management account is root, no password, note: This root user is not Linux system user. MySQL default user is root, because there is no password in the initial, just type mysql for the first time.
[root @ localhost ~] # mysql
1, command
USR / bin / mysqladmin -u root password ” new-password ”
Format: mysqladmin -u username -P old password Password new password
2, example
Example 1: Add a password to the root 123456.
Type the following command:
[root @ Test1 local] # / usr / bin / mysqladmin -u root password 123456
Note: Because the root does not have a password at the beginning, the -p old password can be omitted.
“MySQL>” prompt appears, congratulations, the installation is successful!
Added the login format after the password is as follows:
Mysql -u root -p
ENTER Password: (Enter the password)
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