OSX file system
The UNIX file system used by OSX, all files are hung in directory / below, so they don’t have the disk concept under Windows.
The hard drive you see on the desktop is hanging under / Volumes.
For example, a mobile hard disk called USBHD, a hard disk icon is displayed on the desktop, where is it actually?
Execute LS / Volumes / USBHD in the terminal to see what is displayed is not this mobile hard disk.
The root directory location is / core MACH_KERNEL is here,
Drive location / SYSTME / LIBRARY / EXTENSIONS
User folder location / user / username
Desktop location / user / username / desktop
File wildcard is an asterisk *
Note: A.txt is not equal to A.TXT in the UNIX system.
The root directory logo / is not available, CD / System expresses to the System in the directory, and the CD System represents the SYSTEM in the current directory.
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How to enter the command line mode
Under the reproduction graphical interface, open the application “utility” terminal with finder
If the graphical interface can’t enter (such as an error display driver), press F8 when boot, start with the -s parameter, then enter the command mount -uw /
Get permissions
In order to prevent malignancy failure systems, no permission operating system is important files when the user state, so you have to get root permissions.
Sudo -s
Then enter the password, when entering the password, there is no return, and the interposer is not, only the carriage return is lost.
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Basic order
List of files
LS parameter directory name
Example: I want to see what I have, what is the directory?
LS /
Want to see what happens in the drive directory.
LS / System / Library / Extensions
Parameter -w Displays Chinese, -L Details, -a includes hidden files
Convert directory
CD
Example: I want to get a circle in the driver directory
CD / system / library / extensions
Establish a new directory
Mkdir directory name
Example: Built a backup directory backup in the driver directory
MKDIR / System / library / extensions / backup
Built a backup directory on the desktop Backup
MKDIR / USER / User Name / Desktop / Backup
Copy file
CP parameter source file target file
Example: I want to copy the Natit.kext of the desktop to the driver directory.
CP -R / User / User Name /Desktop/natit.kext / System / Library / Extensions
The parameter R indicates that the directory is recursively, and Kext looks a file in the graphical interface, which is actually a folder.
Back up all files under the drive directory to desktop backup
Cp -R / system / library / extensions / * / user / username / desktop / backup
Delete Files
RM parameter file
Example: I want to delete the driver cache
Rm -rf /system/library/extensions.kextcache
Rm -rf /system/library/extensions.mkext
Parameters -RF represents recursive and mandatory, must be careful, if the RM -RF / your system is executed
Mobile file
MV file
Example: I want to move Applehda.kext to the desktop
MV /SYSTEM/LIBRARY /EXTENSITIONS/applehda.kext / user / username / desktop
I want to move Applehda.kext into the backup directory.
MV /SYSTEM/LIBRARY /EXTENSITIONS/Applehda.kext / System / Library / Extensions / Backup
Change file permissions
Chmod parameter authority file
Example: Set all the files in the drive directory to root read and write, other users read only
CHMOD -R 755 / System / library / extensions
Parameter r is represented, 755 represents the authority of each user to change the file owner
Chown parameter user: Group file
Example: Transform all files in the drive directory into root users
Chown -r root: Wheel / System / Library / Extensions
Parameter R Represents recursive operation
Repair permissions for files in the entire system
Diskutil RepairPermissions /
Strictly said that this is not a UNIX command, but an OSX software, remember to modify or add the driver to execute it.
Text Editor
Nano file name
Example: Edit Natit Info.plist
Nano /system/library/extensions/natit.kext/info.plist
After the editing is completed, use Ctrl + O store, Ctrl + X exit
Another text editing software is VI, the operation is a certain weird, familiar is very easy to use, and it is not afraid in all the Unix systems.
Run the script command
SH script file name
Example Modify all the required operations after the driver stores a script, after modifying the driver, just run this script, convenient
1. Running nano / clean in the terminal
2. Paste the following code into nano
Rm -rf /system/library/extensions.kextcache
Rm -rf /system/library/extensions.mkext
Chown -r root: Wheel / System / Library / Extensions
CHMOD -R 755 / System / library / extensions
Diskutil RepairPermissions /
Kextcache -k / system / library / extensions /
3. CTRL + O storage, Ctrl + X exits
4. As long as the drive is driven, it is running a SH / CLEAN in the terminal.
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Tips
Automatoth command with TAB keys
For example, if you want to go in the / system directory, enter CD / Sy and press the Tab key, the command will automatically replenish the CD / SYSTEM
Operation with files and directories with spaces in the name
Space is written in a space in the command, for example, to enter my documents, command to cd my documents
See the detailed help of the command
MAN command name
For example, look at the detailed usage of the LS command, perform Man LS
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Typical operational process
(Suppose you have made a cleaning script, remember to get system permissions before each operation)
Assume that a graphics card driver Natit.zip is downloaded, and I get a natit.kext on the desktop. How to do it?
For the sake of insurance, let all drive back up all the drive back
MKDIR / USER / User Name / Desktop / Backup creates a backup folder on your desktop
CP -R / System / library / extensions / * / user / username / desktop / backup backup driver file
I can install peace now.
CP -R / USER / User Name /Desktop/natit.kext / System / Library / Extensions Copy it to the system driver directory location
SH / CLEAN performs cleanup scripts, the operation is complete
Replay the failure, can’t go to the desktop, I found that I should not safely drive, how to recover?
Press F8 to boot, start with -s parameter
Implement mount -uw /
RM -RF / USER / User Name /Desktop/natit.kext Deletes this driver
SH / CLEAN performs cleanup scripts, the operation is complete
Restart, return to the original state, don’t die, there is no special effects, I heard that I need to modify the Natit’s info. PLIST file is only line, ok, come back
CP -R / USER / User Name /Desktop/natit.kext / System / Library / Extensions Copy it to the system driver directory location
Nano /System/Library/extensions/natit.kext/info.pl p ´æ ´æ ´æ, Ctrl + X exit with Ctrl + O
SH / CLEAN performs cleanup scripts, the operation is complete
Restart, this is right, the graphics card special effects have, the sound card, the sky knows what will, you have to protect the existing results.
MKDIR / USER / User Name / Desktop / GoodDrivers are designed for effective driver
Cp -r /system/library/extensions/natit.kext / user / username / Desktop / GoodDrivers backup
This sound card requires applehda.kext to delete and edit the Info.plist file in AppleAzaliaAudio.kext, who knows that I will use Applehda in the future, it is better to temporarily disable it.
MKDIR / System / library / extensions / disabled establishes a disabled directory
MV /SYSTEM/LIBRARY /EXTENSITIONS/applehda.kext / system / library / extensions / disabled mobile past
Nano /system/library/extensions/natit.kext/appleazaliaaudio.kext/info.plist
After the editing is completed, use Ctrl + O store, Ctrl + X exit
SH / CLEAN performs cleanup scripts, the operation is complete
Successful, also put a modified driver backup
Copy content to the clipboard code:
The following is a unix command line for reference.
Directory operation
Command name
Function description
Use
Mkdir
Create a directory
Mkdir Dirname
RMDir
Delete a directory
Rmdir Dirname
Mvdir
Move or rename a directory
Mvdir Dir1 Dir2
CD
Change the current directory
CD DIRNAME
PWD
Display the path name of the current directory
PWD
LS
Show the contents of the current directory
LS -LA
Dircmp
Compare the contents of two directories
Dircmp Dir1 Dir2
File operation
Command name
Function description
Use
Cat
Display or connect files
Cat filename
PG
Page format display file content
PG filename
More
Split screen display file content
More filename
OD
Display content of non-text files
OD-C FileName
CP
Copy file or directory
CP file1 file2
RM
Delete files or directories
RM FileName
MV
Change the file name or the directory
MV file1 file2
ln
Join file
ln -s file1 file2
Find
Find files with matching expressions
Find. -Name “* .c” -print
File
Display file type
File filename
Select operation
Command name
Function description
Use
HEAD
The first few lines showing the file
HEAD-20 FileName
TAIL
The last few lines of displaying files
TAIL-15 filename
CUT
Display some fields in each row
Cut -f1 ,7 -d: / etc / passwd
COLRM
Remove several columns from standard input
COLRM 8 20 file2
Paste
Landscape connection file
Paste file1 file2
DIFF
Compare and display the differences in two files
DIFF file1 file2
Sed
Non-interactive mode stream editor
SED “S / Red / Green / G” FileName
GREP
Find in the file
GREP “^ [A-ZA-Z]” FileName
awk
Find and process mode in the file
awk ‘{Print $ 1 $ 1}’ FileName
sort
Sort or merge file
sort -d -f -u file1
Uniq
Remove the repeated line of the file
Uniq file1 file2
COMM
Show the public and non-public lines of two ordered files
Comm file1 file2
WC
The number of characters, words, and number of rows of statistics documents
WC FileName
NL
Add a line number to the file
NL File1> file2
Safe operation
Command name
Function description
Use
Passwd
Modify user password
Passwd
chmod
Change the permissions of the file or directory
CHMOD UG + X FileName
Umask
Define permission masks for creation files
Umask 027
Chown
Change the owner of the file or directory
Chown newowner filename
chgrp
Change the group of files or directories
Chgrp Staff FileName
xlock
Lock to the terminal
Xlock -Remote
Program operation
Command name
Function description
Use
Make
Maintain the latest version of the executable program
Make
Touch
Update file access and modification time
Touch -m 05202400 filename
DBX
Command line interface debugging tool
DBX A.out
xde
Graphical user interface debugging tool
XDE A.out
Process operation
Command name
Function description
Use
PS
Display process current status
PS U
Kill
Termination process
KILL -9 30142
Nice
Change the priority of the command to be executed
Nice cc -c * .c
renice
Change the priority of the running process
Renice +20 32768
Time operation
Command name
Function description
Use
date
Display the current date and time of the system
date
Cal
Show calendar
Cal 8 1996
Time
Execution time of the statistical program
Time a.out
Network and communication operation
Command name
Function description
Use
Telnet
Remote login
Telnet HPC.sp.Net.edu.cn
rlogin
Remote login
Rlogin Hostname -l UserName
RSH
Execute the specified command at the remote host
RSH F01N03 Date
FTP
Transfer files between local hosts and remote hosts
FTP ftp.sp.net.edu.cn
RCP
Copy files between local hosts and remote hosts
RCP file1 host1: file2
ping
Send a response request to a network host
Ping hpc.sp.net.edu.cn
Reading and sending emails
Write
Send a message to another user
Write Username PTS / 1
Mesg
Allow or refuse to receive packets
MESG N
Korn shell command
Command name
Function description
Use
History
List the recently performed several commands and numbers
History
rim
Repeat the recently performed certain command
R -2
Alias
Define an alias for a command
Alias ??del = rm -i
UNALIAS
Cancel the definition of an alias
UNALIAS DEL
Other orders
Command name
Function description
Use
uname
Display information about the operating system
Uname -a
Clear
Clear the screen or window content
Clear
ENV
Display all currently set environment variables
ENV
WHO
List all users currently logged in
WHO
Whoami
Display the username of currently being operated
Whoami
Tty
Display the name of the terminal or psego terminal
Tty
Stty
Display or reset the control key definition
Stty -a
DU
Query disk usage
Du -k subdir
DF
Display the total space and free space of the file system
DF / TMP
w
Shows the total information of the current system activity
How to see the Finder hidden file?
First, open the Terminal window, then enter the following command:
For OS X MAVERICKS 10.9:
Defaults Write Com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles True
For previous OS X versions:
Defaults Write Com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles True
Then, simply restart the Finder application, then enter a command: